Everything about The Concordat Of Bologna totally explained
The
Concordat of Bologna (1516), marking a stage in the evolution of the
Gallican Church, was an agreement between King
Francis I of France and
Pope Leo X that Francis negotiated in the wake of his
victory at Marignano in September 1515. It stated that the Pope could collect all the income that the
Catholic Church made in France, while the King of France was confirmed in his right to
tithe the clerics and to restrict their right of appeal to Rome. The Concordat confirmed the King of France's right to make appointments to
benefices—
archbishops,
bishops,
abbots and
priors— enabling the Crown, by controlling its personnel, to decide who was to lead the Church in France. Details of the agreement confirmed the papal
veto of any leader the King of France chose that was deemed truly unqualified, and the
Apostolic Camera's right to collect the first year's revenue from each benefice, called
annates, a right which, when abused, led to shuffling of prelates among dioceses. On Francis's part, it was at last firmly conceded that the Pope's powers were not subject to any council, an affirmation of the papal position in the long-crushed
Conciliar Movement, which was in the process of being condemned at the contemporaneous
Fifth Lateran Council (1512-17), which confirmed the Concordat.
Results of the Concordat
The
Concordat of Bologna provided the ground-rules for the limited
Reformation in France: the sons of Francis and
Catherine de' Medici saw no advantage to the Crown in any gestures towards Reformation in France. The king of France had enormous powers to direct the Church's wealth and provide
sinecures in the offices of bishops and abbots
in commendam, for his faithful followers among the powerful aristocracy. The Concordat ended any vestige of the elective principle, in which the monks or cathedral canons chose the abbot or bishop: there were some protests from these disenfranchised communities, whose approval of candidates had for some time devolved into a mere
pro forma. It allowed the King to maintain control of the Church as well as the State. For many years to come, the Kings of France would struggle to keep the Catholic Church in power, as it was filled with supporters of their policies. This would lead to persecution of non-Catholics under Francis I, Henry II, Francis II, and Charles IX.
This religious intolerance would lead to the civil wars in France that are called the
Wars of Religion, and finally religious freedom in the form of an
Edict of Toleration, the
Edict of Saint-Germain issued by Charles IX's
regent in 1562 and finally the
Edict of Nantes.
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